Microbiome–Gut–Mucosal–Immune–Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Novel Proposal of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ASD Aetiology

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well restricted stereotyped interests. Due of the high prevalence gastrointestinal disorders individuals with ASD, researchers have investigated gut microbiota potential contributor to its aetiology. The relationship between microbiome, gut, brain (microbiome–gut–brain axis) has been acknowledged key factor modulating function behaviour, but connection aetiology ASD not understood. Recently, there increasing attention on immune system, neurological issues particularly relation loss specific species or decrease microbial diversity. It focuses how dysbiosis can affect permeability, metabolites ASD. However, very complete study suggests that consequence disease it practically no effect autistic manifestations. This review diversity microbiome–gut–brain axis development symptoms severity proposal novel role microbiome where ASD-related behaviour turn accentuates manifestations patients via feedback circuit.